Category Archives: Research

ANKH = E=MC2


Source: Here – the Secretes of the ANKH

The Secret of the Ankh is a pathway into the Mystery Systems. I believe that I have decoded the Symbol of the Ankh. My findings are that the Ankh can no longer be viewed as just meaning life, but the creation of Life itself.

Wherever the Ankh is translated in Ancient Egypt it must be re-translated with the following insight: The Ankh is the Life Code; The Egyptian’s so-called “Infinities or Chaos” Gods: Amen/Amenet, Nun/Nunet,Kuk,Kukhet, Heh/Hehet – the Ogdoad.; The Meaning of Life is no longer just a flat definition but a multi-dimensional definition of the scientific and possibly spiritual definition of how life was created itself.

First though it may appear my work is not about phonetics, not about linguistics but linguistics have some bearing. The Secret of the Ankh can be approached two ways that lead to the same result.

First I will look at the Ogdoad – the Primordial Eight and how these elements resolve themselves into Life.

Second, I will look the Mdu Ntru symbol for the sound N which is a Wave and the Mdu Ntr symbol for the sound KH which Gardiner says incorrectly is a placenta but probably matter – are key elements of the symbol ANKH or NKH – Wave plus Matter produces the elements of Life. This is essentially a well proven theory of Dr. Oyiboe, as part of his GAGUT -Grand Unifying Theorem. I will use Dr. Oyiboe’s expression but expand on it.

Ancient Egyptian Wormholes.

We are aware that the ancient Egyptians were highly advanced, but were they advanced enough to have wormhole technology? Have we been looking at their art and misunderstood their entire “religious” beliefs and otherworldly origins? In Mali, Africa there is a supposedly primitive tribe called the Dogon tribe, but researchers have been able to decipher the Dogon glyphs and myths to find that their cosmological system conveys scientific meaning through a complex system of mythological themes, symbols, storylines, and words. It appears that many other cultures used similar mythological themes, symbols, storylines, and words. Perhaps the ancient Egyptian culture was no different. In their legends, the ancient egyptians speak of traveling in boats.

One legend states that each day, Ra was born and began a journey across the sky. Ra was believed to travel in the Manjet-boat. or the ‘Barque of Millions of Years’. He was joined on this daily journey by a crew of many gods . The Manjet-boat would sail through the twelve provinces, representing the twelve hours of daylight. At the end of each day Ra was thought to die and embarked on his night voyage. For this journey he was called Auf, which means ‘corpse’. Ra sailed in a boat called the Mesektet-boat or night-barque on his journey through the twelve hours of darkness.

These boats were also called “Boats of Eternity”.


Comparison of a Boat of Eternity to a particle traveling through a wormhole.


Contemporary wormhole schematic.


Egyptian cartoon depicting a ‘star gate’. The snakes often represent energy or vibration.


Boat or wormhole being held up by Nun, the Lord of Watery/Energy Chaos below.


Stargate in the Egyptian Book of the Dead.

Geocentric Galaxy


Pyramid on Mars

Mainstream archeologists say that the Egyptian pyramids were tombs. But contrary to that belief the Order of the Rosae Croix, a mystery school that was created by the Pharaohs of Egypt state that the Pyramids were created by Thought, or the Egyptian God Thoth. Thought is the Egyptian god THOTH, the creator of almost every activity known to man. Thought is spelled T H O T H. This god is responsible for the alphabet, writing, speaking, the sciences, religion, … you name it, and Thoth is responsible for it. Thoth’s priests claimed Thoth was the Demi-Urge who created everything from sound. According to the Freemasons the Pyramids were tools of creation. What if we propose that the pyramids were responsible for the galaxy?


Research has been done investigating that the Egyptian pyramids were some kind of power plant…. thus illustrated as above. Though what came to mind about the angle of the beam was the angle of a beam coming out of a black hole:

Paper: Traveling Faster than the Speed of Light = Phi

As a researcher in my respective field, I’ve observed a significant misconception about the scientific paradigm. The scientific method often appears rigid and inflexible. One contributing factor to this dogma is our society’s limited spiritual engagement with the vast cosmos and the nature of the physical universe. For centuries, we’ve been entangled in disputes over whose God is superior, among other things.

One of the misconceptions I’ve encountered relates to what occurs to matter as it approaches the center of a galaxy. It is commonly said that matter is compressed at the galactic center. However, when we examine astrophotographs of galaxies, the center is often depicted as a brilliant white sphere of light.

It’s crucial to understand that when the Hubble Telescope captures images of celestial objects, it employs high-frequency technology to record the object’s high-frequency light. This suggests that the scientific method primarily relies on the strict definition of “observation.” If something cannot be observed with the naked eye or dissected, it is often dismissed as non-existent or relegated to the realm of metaphysical thought.

Did our ancestors possess knowledge about surpassing the speed of light?

The Canadian website, Spira Solaris, delves deeply into the phyllotaxis pattern in the solar system and the arrangement of leaves. The arrangement of leaves in plants can be expressed using a series of simple fractions, which are gradual approximations of 1/2 and 1/3. Peirce has uncovered a remarkable correspondence between the fundamental laws governing these leaf patterns and the movements of celestial bodies within our solar system.

While some may consider this reminiscent of Pythagorean philosophy, Pythagoras, known in the 6th century BC, was not just a philosopher but also a mathematician, mystic, and scientist. His quest for knowledge even led him to Egypt, where he likely learned mystical teachings at a mystery school.

On Spira Solaris, there’s an appendix titled “THE MATTER OF LOST LIGHT” that elaborates on how PHI (1.61803399) could be the mathematical key to transforming matter into light energy, maintaining energy consistency.

Consider this scenario: Einstein’s equation, E=MC^2. According to Sixty Symbols, the significance of C^2 remains uncertain. It’s often regarded as a constant, representing consistency. The spiral form is renowned for its consistency.

Now, let’s substitute 1.61803399 into E=MC^2.

E = M • (1.61803399)^2

When matter is squared by PHI, it seems to dematerialize and transform into light again.

Take the atomic mass of carbon and plug it into our revised equation.

E = 12.011 • (1.61803399)^2

E = 12.011 • 2.61803399

E (light) = 31.44520625398 m/s (miles per second)

This 31.44520… m/s represents the energy that carbon could yield. If only there were a way to rigorously test this hypothesis.

Blasted Pillars!

The significance of pillar symbolism, or columns. Interestingly pillars are different than columns, where Pillars are free standing and columns support.

Mysterious pillars are mysterious. Those Freemasons/masons really do enjoy those pillars. Pillars can be pretty much seen on any Freemasonic/masonic building.

Three columns of Masonry — Beauty, Strength and Wisdom. Three orders of architecture (of the five normally presented, two are considered derivative by Masons) – Doric, Ionic, Corinthian. Doric corresponds to Strength, or so I surmise, because the columns are plain and thicker. Corinthian corresponds to Beauty because of its florid capital. Ionic, therefore must corresponds to Wisdom. And the three officers (are they jewels or lights?) correspond to Wisdom (Worshipful Master), Strength (Senior Warden) and Beauty (Junior Warden).

Orion Presence

and why subliminals are KEY.

This is an artistic rendition of my right arm. Freckles mapped out.
I have drawn out a picture… which makes the Big Dipper of Orion.
I have been obsessed with Space since I was a kid.

This ain’t a co-incidence.
Besides…

CO-INCIDENCE

INCIDENCE: the arrival of something (as a projectile or a ray of light) at a surface
CO – Together; joint; jointly; mutually: coeducation. Partner or associate in an activity: coauthor; cofounder.

Therefore, a CO-INCIDENCE is a double projectile of a ray of light. Or a diffraction.

Here is a schematic:

Notice before a light diffracts it is called an incident light. Co-Incident!

It’s all about the light 😉

Below is a picture of my left arm.

Looking like Orion’s little dipper:

The Orion presence on my body may be partly why I’m obsessed with Egypt and why Egypt is extremely present in my life:

Orion’s Belt aligns with the three great Pyramids of Giza.

The 2011 Egyptian riots began on my birthday, Jan 25:

Other weird mystical co-incidences:

My birthday 125 is associated with Marko Rodin’s vortex math… and the Baha’i faith:

9 = 1251 = ABHA

9 = 2151 = BAHA

“…the unapproachable great name of god 2 1 5 1″

My Name KRISTI means “follower of Christ”:

Kristi \k-ris-ti, kr(i)-sti\ as a girl’s name is a variant of Christina (Latin), Christy (Latin), Krista (Czechoslovakian) and Kristen (Latin), and the meaning of Kristi is “follower of Christ”.

The Double-Cross is associated with Orion:

The first double-cross mentioned above is Constantine’s “cross”:

The Legend of Constantine’s cross is that he saw it in the sky which gave him divine inspiration to create Western Christianity.


British flag w/ double cross.


St. Peter’s Square w/ Orion double-cross symbolism.


COURTYARD OF THE VATICAN – DOUBLE CROSS.

I have BEEN to both the Vatican and St. Peter’s square.


Orion cross on craft on ancient artwork.


Leonardo Davinci’s Vitruvian man double-cross within a circle.

Jesus/Lord/Sun/Son beams Aton-like rays of light to the disciples at Pentecost . Pentecost, marks the the Birth of the Christian Church.

Qabbalah states that the Son of God, RA, or RAY, who is Jesus, the Light of the World.


During Christmas break I went to Cancun, mexico (HOME OF THE MAYA) and stayed at a resort called Hotel Excellence Playa Mujeres and its’ logo is an equal armed cross with an X through it:

Throughout the hallways of this hotel, they hung WHITE stained (8 pointed) glass star lights. These lights instantly reminded me of the star of bethlehem, which is the town I go to college in, Bethlehem, Pa and this can be seen throughout the town no matter where you are.

 

White bull, white cloud, white house, white rock, white linen, white dog, white sands, white mountains, white dunes, etc. The word white refers to the bright WHITE glowing of the constellation ORION.

This hotel gave out red roses through out your stay…

Two flowers mentioned in religious writings are the Rose and the Lily. Symbolically, these refer to the rising water, and to death. The word FLOWER is, in itself, a subliminal, meaning the ability to FLOW. Therefore, FLOWERS suggests WATER FLOWING, at the same time remaining hidden to all who come in contact with the suggestion. The notions attached to the symbolism of FLOWERS, FLOWING, and FOLLOWING, work together to create again, an ever deeper trance state. This is the major subliminal locked within the concept of the constellation ORION. Of which there are 88 constellations, all wrapped up in 8 groups.

During the last night of our stay the Hotel put on an event for the first time ever, it was a themed dinner outside on the WHITE SANDY beach. The THEME was Arabian Nights. When on the beach outside this hotel looking up at the sky the constellation of ORION was practically 15 degrees from the zenith, VERY close to the zenith, so if you sat on the beach you could easily see the constallation without straining your head to see above you. The Arabian nights dinner featured fire dancers, belly dancers and Persian food.

My Sorority’s flower is a WHITE ROSE:

CHRIST(I) walked down the PARTED RED SEA

RED SEA at Graduation – my high school colors were RED, WHITE and BLACK :O

The parting of the Red Sea is to be compared with the raising of Christ, and His ascendence to the Father. Notice the following .

The Red Sea parted all night, {starting three days from the time that Christ would be buried}. This is three days from the time the Lamb was killed. As the Israelites came through the Red Sea they reached the other side where the promised land was available. The Israelites were not at the promised land when they came out of Egypt. Source: http://www.thelaodiceanchurchofgod.com/etk/thepartingoftheredsea.html

CHRIST(I) walked through a doorway into high-school under the RED ROSE:

Two flowers mentioned in religious writings are the Rose and the Lily. Symbolically, these refer to the rising water, and to death. The word FLOWER is, in itself, a subliminal, meaning the ability to FLOW. Therefore, FLOWERS suggests WATER FLOWING, at the same time remaining hidden to all who come in contact with the suggestion. The notions attached to the symbolism of FLOWERS, FLOWING, and FOLLOWING, work together to create again, an ever deeper trance state. This is the major subliminal locked within the concept of the constellation ORION. Of which there are 88 constellations, all wrapped up in 8 groups.

AGAIN white:

White bull, white cloud, white house, white rock, white linen, white dog, white sands, white mountains, white dunes, etc. The word white refers to the bright WHITE glowing of the constellation ORION.

Aye Red Pyramid:

Red Pyramid 2613-2589 BCE

The Red Pyramid, also called the North Pyramid, is the largest of the three major pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis. Named for the rusty reddish hue of its stones, it is also the third largest Egyptian pyramid, after those of Khufu and Khafra at Giza. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest man-made structure in the world. It is also believed to be the world’s first successful attempt at constructing a “true” smooth-sided pyramid. Local residents refer to the Red Pyramid as el-haram el-watwat, meaning the Bat Pyramid.
The Red Pyramid was not always red. It used to be cased with white Tura limestone, but only a few of these now remain at the pyramid’s base on the corner. During the Middle Ages much of the white Tura limestone was taken for buildings in Cairo, revealing the reddish limestone.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Pyramid

Black Pyramid 2055-1650 BC

King Amenemhat III built the Black pyramid during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2055-1650 BC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Pyramid

White Pyramid 1929 BC to 1895 BC

Located in the pyramid field at Dahshur, the White Pyramid of Amenemhat II is now nothing more than a pile of rubble, having been heavily quarried for stone. The remaining limestone rubble has given rise to its modern name.
Nubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BC to 1895 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Pyramid

Makeup – Ancient Makeup?

I’m a HUGE fan of makeup and its a big inspiration for me. I love playing with color and makeup is a way for me to do that. Mixing and matching shades I normally wouldn’t wear into a wearable look. Makeup can be extremely artistic when done right.

Did you know makeup is extremely ancient too? The idea of the black eyeliner came from the ancient Egyptians.


Ancient Egyptian makeup tools


Ancient makeup pots!

All ancient Egyptians wore makeup even children.

Feathered Serpent = Out of Body?

Some people don’t really understand who the Feathered Serpent is. He goes by three names Viracocha of the Inca, Quetzalcoatl of the Aztec and Kukulkan of the Maya.

Some people think its an archetype for a comet:

To the logical that would make sense.

To the more abstract minded, the Feathered Serpent could be describing an experience, such at the Out of Body Experience:

Shedding my serpentine skin. And becoming light as feather, but still maintaining my serpentine form.

In the Mayan legends, it is a person, furnishing mankind wisdom. He rose into the sky and became like the morning star, Venus; and is also associated by the 8 pointed star. According to the Mayan prophecy Kukulkan is expected to return at the beginning of the next Golden Age (2012)…

Spiraling


Subatomic electron spiral…. or maybe spin!?


Ancient spiral snake petroglyph.

Whirlpools (or spirals in water) don’t happen naturally after a 9 magnitude earthquake do they?

Last Whirlpool was in ancient Babylonia a.k.a Yemen, Babylon means Gate of Gods.


3/8/2010


May 2010


Most famous spiral Norway December 9, 2009.


Weird Petroglyphs are weird.

The spiral meant many things to the ancients:

The Celts and the Norse from the North the meaning of their spiral means all Universe, it means eternity, and it means goddess;

the Romans and the Greeks they believe the spiral is of the gods, the oneness of the soul;

the aborigines, they believe it means all things that are glorious;

the Islamic people, their spiral is for Holy things that cannot be written, they do not write the words of the God and Goddess they use the spiral;

the African cultures, use it as the womb for the great mother and goddess;

the Orient spiral means the beginning of all life, where the gods come from;

in India, it means the one, female sexuality and in their spiral you can find the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio that is seen in all energetic life forms;

the Native Americans use the spiral for meaning all energy, all consciousness, the Great Spirit;

for the Hopi, it means the sacred ones, all living things, and journey of everything living;

the Mayan used the spiral for the seasons, the solstice, and the circle of life – all life and

for the Polynesians, it means immortality.

Epic Galaxy Spiral

Aton, the Sun and the Holy Spirit – Sun Symbolism

Warning: Long.

Source: http://www.williamhenry.net/art_sun.html

2010’s most important celestial story may have been about another celestial disk, our Sun, waking up. To paraphrase astrophysicist Dr. Paul LaViolette, ‘Earth is under fire’ from our restless Sol. This is big news.

Scientists warn that from 2011 till mid 2013 we will see more and potentially destructive stellar activity as the Sun enters the most active part of its cycle known as “solar max.” Noting that this activity coincides with the end of the Mayan calendar, prophets warn this period will see dramatic signs in the sky (coinciding with even more tyrannical governance in the name of fighting terrorism, even louder high-pitched ringing in our ears, more body ache from scaling the new frequency or tone as we morph into a new species and, generally, more cosmic wonderment or weirdness).

Could the Sun’s awakening and light show be a ‘just in time’ cosmic anointing in tides of light and the prelude to fulfillment of Mayan and Christian End Time prophecy?

It’s beginning to look that way.

Here’s what’s happening.

A full-disk multi wavelength extreme ultraviolet image of the sun taken by SDO on March 30, 2010. (Credit: NASA/Goddard/SDO AIA Team)

Increased solar activity could give residents of the continental U.S., southern Europe and Japan the chance to see the northern lights for the first time in several years

‘SUN, SON, SUN, HERE IT COMES…’

After an unusually long period of low activity, a series of powerful solar events took place on August 1, 2010, where nearly the entire Earth-facing side of the Sun erupted in a tumult of activity, with a large solar flare, a solar tsunami, multiple filaments of magnetism lifting off the solar surface, radio bursts, and half a dozen coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

SUN STORMS: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory snapped this multi-wavelength extreme ultraviolet image of the sun, showing the Aug. 1, 2010, solar eruption that blasted charged particles toward Earth. The Class C3 solar flare triggered stunning aurora displays and geomagnetic storms on Earth that lasted about 12 hours. (Photo: NASA)

As the Sun awakens, NASA is keeping a close eye on space weather (and wondering what’s going on in our solar system and, indeed, the galaxy?!!!). Some are warning of potentially catastrophic events to come between now and mid-May 2012-2013. Others say they’ve been hearing this solar “kill shot” BS for years and nothing’s happened.

Richard Fisher, head of NASA’s Heliophysics Division, explains what it’s all about: “The Sun is waking up from a deep slumber, and in the next few years we expect to see much higher levels of solar activity. At the same time, our technological society has developed an unprecedented sensitivity to solar storms.” The intersection of these two issues is foremost on the minds of space scientists.

The National Academy of Sciences framed the problem two years ago in a landmark understatement entitled “Severe Space Weather Events—Societal and Economic Impacts.”

It noted how people of the 21st-century rely on high-tech systems for the basics of daily life. Smart power grids, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services and emergency radio communications can all be temporarily knocked out (or even wiped out) by intense solar activity. In other words, basically everything upon which our lives now depend is at risk in the coming years.

A century-class solar storm, the Academy warned, could cause twenty times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina. That would be a two trillion dollar disaster!

Much of the damage can be mitigated if managers know a storm is coming. Putting satellites in ‘safe mode’ and disconnecting transformers can protect these assets from damaging electrical surges. Preventative action, however, requires accurate forecasting – a job that has been assigned to NOAA.

ATON ATONATIUH

Several prophetic traditions, including the Inca, foretell of immense changes during our time. As Kathy Doore observes, the Inca prophecies say that now, in this age, when the eagle of the North and the condor of the South fly together, the Earth will awaken. The eagles of the North cannot be free without the condors of the South.

The Aztecs also paid very close attention to the movement of the Sun and their calendar is second only to the Mayan in accuracy. For Aztecs, Tonitiuh was the god of sun and Tollan, the Aztec heaven. Interestingly, the original Mayan name homeland was called Tollan or Tula and it was from Tula where Quetzalcoatl ruled. Mayan prophecy says he’s expected to return in 2012.

The Aztec Calendar and the Sun. At the center of the Aztecs’ calendar stone is the sun god, Tonatiuh. He is surrounded 20 day symbols. Tonatiuh’s Face is the face of the sun, Lord of Heaven, around which takes place all daily and periodic phenomena

The face of Tonatiuh is in the center circle of the solar stone. Around the face are four squares called Nahui- Ollin, or Four Movement. According to Aztec legend, these squares represented the different ways that the four previous suns (or worlds) had come to an end: first by wild animals, then by wind, by fire, and by floods. The Aztecs believed they were living in the fifth and last world

I am fascinated by the similarity between the names and meaning of the names Tonatiuh (tona = to the sun and heat, tiuh = ir) and Aton, the name of the Disk during the reign of Akhenaton. This revolutionary thinker asserted that the Aton, “the Heat or Energy within the Disk” – also interpreted as the light that illuminates the Sun — transcended and comprehended all other images of Divinity.

A disk with rays extending from it symbolized the Aton. The rays culminate in delicate hands that offer the “ankh” or key of life symbol. No other image was allowed in the temples. It reminded worshippers that the Essence of the Sun – the “heat” or the “heat and light” within the Disk – is not confined to the Disk itself, but is present and active, and life giving wherever the rays of the Sun reach. In the Hymn to Aton, Akhenaton wrote that these rays even penetrate deep within the sea.

Akhenaton, Nefertiti and family are anointed by the rays of the Aton


The Aton disk with downward beams ending in hands

Pentecost by Duccio di Buoniseqna. The eternal force of the Aton reappears in the Christian concept of Pentecost. While the disciples of Jesus were indoors praying, a sound like that of a rushing wind filled the house and tongues of fire descended and rested over each of their crown chakras. The Holy Spirit manifests as flames atop the disciples heads. Pentecost marks the birth of the Christian church

“Suddenly a sound came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled the house where they were sitting. And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit” (Acts 2:2-3)

As I discuss in SOUL RISING, Christian art portraying the Pentecost, or the anointing of the disciples by the Son in that cosmic energy called the Holy Spirit, is virtually identical to the Amarna depictions of Akhenaton and Nefertiti receiving the rays/keys of the Aton.

In these depictions it is possible to see the connection between the Key of Life and the Holy Spirit. So clear is the correspondence that one wonders if the Pentecost is a revival of an ancient Gnostic ceremony or mystery school teaching?


The disciples experienced the Radiant Energy of the Sun in the Upper Room at Pentecost



Mary receives the mystical rays of the Holy Spirit from a brilliant light at Pentecost (L). Akhenaton and Nefertiti bask in the rays/keys of the Aton (r)


Jesus/Lord/Sun/Son beams Aton-like rays of light to the disciples at Pentecost

Qabbalah states that the Son of God, RA, or RAY, who is Jesus, the Light of the World.

If we substitute the Sun for the Son as the transmitter of this energy we can imagine a vibration coming from our star and illuminating the consciousness of the disciples, energizing and empowering them. Christian prophecy says it will be poured out on all flesh in the Last Days (Acts 2:16-21).

Part 2 coming soon….

Source: http://www.williamhenry.net/art_sun.html

The Earth Without the Moon

Source: The Earth Without the Moon

The period when the Earth was Moonless is probably the most remote recollection of mankind. Democritus and Anaxagoras taught that there was a time when the Earth was without the Moon.(1) Aristotle wrote that Arcadia in Greece, before being inhabited by the Hellenes, had a population of Pelasgians, and that these aborigines occupied the land already before there was a moon in the sky above the Earth; for this reason they were called Proselenes.(2)

Apollonius of Rhodes mentioned the time “when not all the orbs were yet in the heavens, before the Danai and Deukalion races came into existence, and only the Arcadians lived, of whom it is said that they dwelt on mountains and fed on acorns, before there was a moon.” (3)

Plutarch wrote in The Roman Questions: “There were Arcadians of Evander’s following, the so-called pre-Lunar people.”(4) Similarly wrote Ovid: “The Arcadians are said to have possessed their land before the birth of Jove, and the folk is older than the Moon.” (5) Hippolytus refers to a legend that “Arcadia brought forth Pelasgus, of greater antiquity than the moon.”(6) Lucian in his Astrology says that “the Arcadians affirm in their folly that they are older than the moon.”(7)

Censorinus also alludes to the time in the past when there was no moon in the sky.(8)

Some allusions to the time before there was a Moon may be found also in the Scriptures. In Job 25:5 the grandeur of the Lord who “Makes peace in the heights” is praised and the time is mentioned “before [there was] a moon and it did not shine.” Also in Psalm 72:5 it is said: “Thou wast feared since [the time of] the sun and before [the time of] the moon, a generation of generations.” A “generation of generations” means a very long time. Of course, it is of no use to counter this psalm with the myth of the first chapter of Genesis, a tale brought down from exotic and later sources.

The memory of a world without a moon lives in oral tradition among the Indians. The Indians of the Bogota highlands in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia relate some of their tribal reminiscences to the time before there was a moon. “In the earliest times, when the moon was not yet in the heavens,” say the tribesmen of Chibchas.(9)

There are currently three theories of the origin of the moon:

1) The Moon originated at the same time as the Earth, being formed substantially from the same material, aggregating and solidifying.

2) The Moon was formed not in the vicinity of the Earth, but in a different part of the solar system, and was later captured by the Earth.

3) The Moon was originally a portion of the terrestrial crust and was torn out, leaving behind the bed of the Pacific.

All three theories claim the presence of the Moon on an orbit around the Earth for billions of years. Mythology may supply each of these views with some support (Genesis I for the first view; the birth of Aphrodite from the sea for the third view; Aphrodite’s origin in the disruption of Uranus, and also the violence of Sin—the Babylonian Moon—seems to support the second view).

Since mankind on both sides of the Atlantic preserved the memory of a time when the Earth was without the Moon, the first hypothesis, namely, of the Moon originating simultaneously with the Earth and in its vicinity, is to be excluded, leaving the other two hypotheses to compete between themselves.

We have seen that the traditions of diverse peoples offer corroborative testimony to the effect that in a very early age, but still in the memory of mankind, no moon accompanied the Earth.(10) Since human beings already peopled the Earth, it is improbable that the Moon sprang from it: there must have existed a solid lithosphere, not a liquid earth. Thus while I do not claim to know the origin of the Moon, I find it more probable that the Moon was captured by the Earth. Such an event would have occurred as a catastrophe.(11) If the Moon’s formation took place away from the Earth,(12) its composition may be quite different.

There is no evidence to suggest whether the Moon was a planet, a satellite of another planet, or a comet at the time of its capture by the Earth. Whatever atmosphere it may have had(13) was pulled away by the Earth, by other contacting bodies, or dissipated in some other way.

Since the time the Moon began to accompany the Earth, it underwent the influence of contacts with comets and planets that passed near the Earth in subsequent ages. The mass of the Moon being less than that of the Earth, the Moon must have suffered greater disturbances in cosmic contacts. During these contacts the Moon was not carried away: this is due to the fact that no body more powerful than the Earth came sufficiently close to the Moon to take it away from the Earth for good; but in the contacts that took place the Moon was removed repeatedly from one orbit to another.

The variations in the position of the Moon can be read in the variations in the length of the month. The length of the month repeatedly changed in subseqent catastrophic events—and for this there exists a large amount of supporting evidence. In these later occurrences the Moon played a passive role, and Zeus in the Iliad advised it (Aphrodite) to stay out of the battle in which Athene and Ares (Venus and Mars) were the main contestants.

References

1.

Hippolytus, Refutatio Omnium Haeresium V. ii.
2.

Aristotle, fr. 591 (ed. V. Rose [Teubner:Tuebingen, 1886] ). Cf. Pauly’s Realencyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, article “Mond” ; H. Roscher, Lexicon d. griech. und roemisch. Mythologie, article “Proselenes.”
3.

Argonautica IV.264.
4.

Plutarch, Moralia, transl. by F. C. Babbit, sect. 76.
5.

Fasti, transl. by Sir J. Frazer, II. 290.
6.

Refutatio Omnium Haeresium V. ii.
7.

Lucian, Astrology, transl. by A. M. Harmon (1936), p. 367, par. 26.
8.

Liber de die natali 19; also scholium on Aristophanes’ Clouds, line 398.
9.

A. von Humboldt, Vues des Cordillères (1816), English transl.: Researches Concerning the Institutions and Monuments of the Ancient Inhabitants of America, (1814), vol. I, p. 87; cf. H. Fischer, In mondener Welt (1930), p. 145.
10.

[In addition to the sources cited above, cf. The Nihongi Chronicles of Japan (I.ii, in Transactions and Proceedings of the Japanese Society, vol. I [1896]) which recount how “Heaven and Earth . . . produced the Moon-god.” The Kalevala of the Finns recalls a time “when the Moon was placed in orbit.” (Rune III.35)]
11.

[Cf. the effects of such an event on the Earth’s rotation calculated by H. Gerstenkorn in Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik, 36 (1955), p. 245; cf. idem, in Mantles of the Earth and the Terrestrial Planets, S. K. Runcorn ed., (New York, 1967); also idem in Icarus 9 (1968), p. 394.]
12.

[Cf. H. Alfven and G. Arrhenius, “Two Alternatives for the History of the Moon,” Science 165 (1969), 11ff.; S. F. Singer and L. W. Banderman, “Where was the Moon Formed?” Science 170 (1970), 438-439: “ . . . The moon was formed independently of the earth and later captured, presumably by a three-body interaction, and these events were followed by the dissipation of the excess energy through tidal friction in a close encounter.” More recently, a study of lunar paleotides has shown that “the Moon could not have been formed in orbit around the Earth” (A. J. Anderson, “Lunar Paleotides and the Origin of the Earth-Moon System,” The Moon and the Planets, 19 [1978], 409-417). Because of a certain degree of instability in the Sun-Earth-Moon system, “the planetary origin and capture of the Moon by the Earth becomes a strong dynamic possibility.” (V. Szebehely and R. McKenzie, “Stability of the Sun-Earth-Moon System,” The Astronomical Journal 82 (1977), 303ff.].
13.

[Cf. Yu. B. Chernyak, “On Recent Lunar Atmosphere,” Nature, 273 (15 June, 1978), pp. 497ff. The author found “strong theoretical evidence of a considerable atmosphere on the Moon during the greater part of its history.”]