I spent a good amount of time in my studio this past weekend and it felt quite freshing, as I’m starting to see my workflow again. I walked the boarder of the property of my apartment and took some photos of the plants I found ‘in the wild’. Immediately I found Red Clover, Queen Anne’s Lace, Pokeweed and Burdock. I began a few pages in my sketchbook of an herbarium. I have a smaller herbarium for the specimens used in my electrography work but I like to sometimes keep an herbarium of the plants and flowers of the locale environment. I have a field guide that I use to help me identify some of plants and use a Facebook group for difficult ones. One particular plant that stuck out to me was burdock and upon looking it up further I was pleasantly surprised that it is connected to the Turkish culture. In Turkish Anatolia, the burdock plant was believed to ward off the evil eye, and as such is often woven into kilims for protection. With its many flowers, the plant also symbolizes abundance.
The meanings expressed in kilims derive both from the individual motifs used, and by their pattern and arrangement in the rug as a whole. A few symbols are widespread across Anatolia as well as other regions including Persia and the Caucasus; others are confined to Anatolia.
An especially widely used motif is the Elibelinde, a stylized female figure, symbolizing motherhood and fertility. Other motifs express the tribal weavers’ desires for protection of their families’ flocks from wolves with the wolf’s mouth or the wolf’s foot motif (Turkish: Kurt Aǧzi, Kurt İzi), or for safety from the sting of the scorpion (Turkish: Akrep).Several protective motifs, such as those for the dragon (Turkish: Ejder), scorpion, and spider (sometimes called the crab or tortoise by carpet specialists) share the same basic diamond shape with a hooked or stepped boundary, often making them very difficult to distinguish.
All the motifs can vary considerably in appearance according to the weaver. Colours, sizes and shapes can all be chosen according to taste and the tradition in a given village or tribe; further, motifs are often combined. To give some idea of this variability, a few alternative forms are shown in the table.
Kilim motifs and their meanings
Name |
Turkish |
Motif |
Purpose |
Object |
Notes |
Hands-on-hips motif |
Elibelinde |
 |
Motherhood,
fertility |
Marriage |
Female principle (4 examples)[1] |
Cross motif |
Haç |
 |
Protection |
Evil eye |
to divide the evil eye into four
(2 examples)[1] |
Hook motif |
Çengel |
 |
Protection |
Evil eye |
to destroy the evil eye[1] |
Eye motif |
Göz |
 |
Protection |
Evil eye |
to ward off the evil eye
(3 examples)[1] |
Comb motif |
Tarak |
 |
Protection |
Birth,
marriage |
May also symbolise rain, water of life
(2 examples)[1] |
Running water motif |
Su Yolu |
 |
Fresh water |
Life |
very important in tribal life
(3 examples)[1] |
Fertility motif |
Bereket |
 |
Fertility |
Marriage |
Combines female principle (hands-on-hips), male principle (ram’s horn)
(2 examples)[1] |
Ram’s horn motif |
Koçboynuzu |
 |
Fertility,
Power,
Masculinity |
Marriage |
Male principle (2 examples)[1] |
Star motif |
Yıldız |
 |
Fertility,
happiness |
Marriage |
Solomon’s seal, a white starlike flower[1] |
Love and Unison motif |
Aşk ve Birleşim |
 |
Love and harmony |
Marriage |
Derived from oriental
Yin/Yang motif [1] |
Amulet motif |
Muska |
 |
Protection
Luck |
Evil eye |
Amulets worn on the person contained a verse of scripture
sewn into a square of cloth folded into a triangle. (3 examples)[1] |
Bird motif |
Kuş |
 |
Luck,
Happiness,
strength |
Life |
Owl and raven signify bad luck;
pigeon and nightingale, good luck.
Also souls of the dead; expectation of news.
(2 examples)[1][11] |
Fetter motif |
Bukaǧı |
 |
Union |
Marriage |
To tie family or lovers together.
The fetter tied front and hind legs of a goat.[1] |
Trousseau chest motif |
Sandıklı |
 |
Marriage,
children |
Marriage |
Unmarried women prepared dowry in a chest.[1] |
Earring motif |
Küpe |
 |
Marriage |
— |
A common wedding present[1] |
Wolf’s Mouth motif
Wolf’s Track motif |
Kurt Aǧzi,
Kurt İzi |
 |
Protection of the flocks |
Wolves |
(2 examples)[1] |
Scorpion motif |
Akrep |
 |
Protection |
Scorpions |
(2 examples).[1] Similar motifs are used for other
animals such as Spider, Crab and Dragon.[4][7] |
Dragon motif |
Ejder |
 |
Protection? |
– |
Dragon is “master of air and water”,[1]
cause of lunar eclipse, guard of treasure.
(4 examples)[1] |
Tree of life motif |
Hayat Aǧacı |
 |
Immortality |
– |
Many different plants may be represented,
e.g., beech, cypress, fig, oak,
olive, palm, pomegranate, vine[1] |
Burdock motif |
Pitrak |
 |
Protection,
abundance |
Evil eye |
Plant is used to ward off evil eye.
With many flowers, it symbolizes abundance.[1] |